Follow author Erica Thompson as she completes her book on Prince's spiritual journey on "a purple day in December." She will provide updates on her writing and research, interviewing, networking and progress on securing a book publisher. Cheer Erica on as she follows her dreams and the life of an extraordinary musician.
The best part of Morris Day's new memoir, On Time, is his discussion of music. Prior to the release of The Time's self-titled debut album in 1981, Day and Prince were immersed in musical study. They picked apart hits by The Brothers Johnson and Shalamar. Day brought Prince's attention to Mahavishnu Orchestra and Frank Zappa, while Prince broke down Miles Davis's early career.
"Maybe because Prince's dad was a jazz musician or maybe because Prince could wrap his mind around bebop, he talked about Miles's records on the Prestige and Blue [Note] labels," Day wrote.
Prince tried to turn Day on to Joni Mitchell--he'd later name one of the The Time's albums after one of her lyrics--but Day wouldn't bite. But they both admired Bob Dylan, and spent long periods of time listening to the Beatles.
For so long, Prince's musical tastes have either been glossed over or, worse, attributed to the "education" he received from white peers after he broke into the business. Sure, we can hear the influences in his music, or cite the covers he'd do at shows throughout his career. But it's refreshing to hear people like Day expound on their musical passions during the early days.
However, Day isn't alone in telling the story of his life and association with Prince. At the suggestion of his co-writer, noted biographer David Ritz, Day employs Prince's voice as a literary device. The result is an ongoing conversation between Day and Prince, who often challenges Day's accounts of events.
The trick works. It allows Day to acknowledge or, at least, imply the instability of memory. It also provides insight into what their exchanges must've been like while Prince was alive. "Most of them are pretty doggone accurate," Day told the Star Tribune.
Unfortunately, Day adds another voice, "MD," representing his often destructive alter ego. It's a little clunky, and takes up space that could be used for more stories. At about 200 pages--including photos--the book feels too short.
Hardcore Prince fans might not come away with a ton of new information, but there are several revelations that make the book worthwhile, in my opinion. To my knowledge, this is the most open Day has been about his struggle with drug abuse. And I enjoyed hearing his perspective on Prince's image, name change and spirituality.
We also learn that Day was present for some pivotal moments in Prince's early career, and that he was reportedly playing drums on certain Prince songs, but didn't receive credit. (I would actually like to hear Day talk more about his drumming and break down some songs live at an event like "Celebration" at Paisley Park.) Day also reveals a bit of a bombshell about Prince and his high school band, Grand Central. Each reader will have to decide whether or not they take Day at his word.
As expected, there have been mixed reviews about the book. Some fans believe Day is too harsh on Prince; others see no ill will. Nothing in the book turned me off, and I feel Day takes some responsibility for his mistakes.
"I had resentments, but it was a love/hate relationship," Day told the Star Tribune. "For me to put it all out there on the table in the book, it was good to be able to bring closure."
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Photo courtesy of Reed Bunzel, Al Bell Presents, LLC.
You could say Al Bell and Prince had a meaningful relationship before they even met. As the former chairman and owner of iconic Memphis soul label, Stax Records, Bell was integral in the development of music that influenced the Minneapolis-born superstar.
Also specializing in funk, gospel and blues, Stax propelled the careers of acts like Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, the Bar-Kays, Wilson Pickett, Isaac Hayes and the Staples Singers. The latter group achieved its first No. 1 hit with "I'll Take You There," written by Bell. Nearly 20 years later, Prince would help write and produce two albums for singer Mavis Staples.
But the special connection between Prince and Bell was mutual.
"I can't say this about a lot of artists, but the first time I met Prince was spiritually, and it was on 'Purple Rain,'" Bell said. "I tuned into this brother's soul. ... You talk about being on one accord? Prince and Al Bell."
As a visionary, Bell said he relies on his ability to hear and feel what artists are attempting to manifest through their music. Though he'd heard Prince's earlier music, "Purple Rain" caught Bell's attention.
"I felt the spirit in him and the emotions that were coming from him as he sang that song," Bell said. "It was like, 'I know this guy.'"
Ten years after the release of "Purple Rain," Bell would assist Prince as he was trying to assert himself as an independent artist, and encourage musicians, particularly black musicians, to retain ownership of their master recordings. Bell helped turn Prince's 1994 song, "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World," into an international hit, which further spurred Prince to continue on his path to complete freedom from Warner Bros.
But before Bell played that crucial role in Prince's career, the Purple One recruited him to co-produce Mavis Staples' 1989 album, Time Waits for No One.
"Because he had studied 'I'll Take You There' and the songs that I had produced, he knew me as a producer," Bell said.
But instead of working in the studio together, Prince sent demos from Paisley Park in Minneapolis to Bell, who was at Ardent Studios in Memphis. The two men would discuss edits over the phone.
"It was amazing," Bell said. "I never talked to someone by phone who could discuss the details without it being filled with detail-itis."
But what really struck Bell was Prince's composition style on the demos.
"He would sing the song and say, 'Horns,' and then hum out the horn parts and go right back to the lyrics," Bell said. "[He'd say,] 'Background,' and then do the background part and go back to the lyrics while he was playing his guitar. He would arrange it as it came out of his head."
Bell also noticed Prince would send over multiple guitar tracks for one song.
"I would say to him, 'I hear you're doing several different guitar tracks. Which one are you going to use?'" Bell said, laughing at the memory. "He said, 'Oh, I'm going to use the one that's supposed to be used and we'll know that when we get it finished.' ... He was a visionary."
By the early '90s, Bell had moved on from working with major labels; he'd followed up his stint at Stax with a position as president of Motown Records Group. He founded an independent label, Bellmark Records, in 1992.
In March 1993, Bellmark distributed the double-platinum song "Dazzey Duks" by hip-hop duo, Duice. Then, two months later, the company released Tag Team's "Whoomp! (There It Is)" by Atlanta-based duo Tag Team. It reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100.
"These guys had shopped that record throughout the industry and nobody would take it," Bell said. "Even my staff was saying, 'Man, these guys are whack.' I didn't know what 'whack' was. ... [I said,] 'All I know is this is a hit record.'"
As Bellmark's success was ramping up, Prince's relationship with Warner Bros. was crumbling. Prince argued that he should be able to own the rights to his music, and dictate the pace at which it was released. Eventually, Prince changed his name to the Love Symbol to be able to control future output.
But Prince did approach Warner Bros. about releasing "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World."
"They told him that he had over-saturated the marketplace [and] that the song was dated," Bell said. "He asked them, 'Well, can I release it as a single myself?' And they laughed and said, 'Yes, go ahead.'"
At the time, Bell was mentoring Kerry Gordy, the son of Motown mogul Berry Gordy, and former Vice President of Prince's Paisley Park Records, which Warner shuttered in 1994. Gordy encouraged Prince to ask Bell about releasing the song.
"Prince called and said, 'Al, can you release a single on me and market it and turn it into a hit?'" Bell said. "I said, 'No, Prince, I can't--unless you send me a hit first.' He laughed."
The next morning, Prince sent over "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World." Bell said he played it nonstop in his office for 30 minutes, as his staff members gathered outside to hear it through the walls.
Bell was impressed with Prince's sincere performance, and the song's message to women.
"I said, 'I don't see how these people at Warner Bros. could miss this,'" Bell said. "'This is a masterpiece.'"
Bell agreed to release the song--under Prince's symbol moniker--in partnership with Prince's NPG Records. But before signing the agreement with Prince's lawyers, he called Warner Bros. Chairman/CEO Mo Ostin to confirm that Prince had permission to release the song.
"I don't think I ever told [Prince]," said Bell, who wanted to be respectful of Ostin, whom he considered a peer. "[Ostin] said, 'I've authorized him to do that, no problem. But does he have that girl with him?'"
Bell assured Ostin that Prince was releasing a solo song and never asked whom Ostin was referencing. But he suspects it was Marvin Gaye's daughter, Nona, who was working on projects with Prince.
"I think she had gotten their attention at Warner Bros.," Bell said.
The song was released on February 24, 1994. An EP, The Beautiful Experience, followed in May. Initially, Bell faced resistance from primary and secondary radio markets. The program directors admitted they were overwhelmed by Prince releases. In response, Bell decided to break the song in smaller, tertiary markets.
"I told my staff, 'We're going to go into 'I Ain't Never Heard of It, Louisiana,' and treat it like New York City because this is a hit record.'"
"The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" CD single. Photo by Phil Simms.
The process gave Bell a sense of déjà vu. Back during his Stax days in the '60s and '70s, he had to navigate a racist system, which forced him into smaller markets.
"We didn't have but a few stations that would play the product," he explained. "And then you had retailers that wouldn't stock black product, and especially the kind of product that we had at Stax. And what I'd have to do in many instances was let them have the product on consignment, persuading them, 'OK, when you sell through, then pay me what you sold.'"
There were also some black radio stations that would not play Stax music.
"They didn't want the blues," Bell said of some black consumers. "It reminded them too much of slavery. ... And here we were, just a few inches away from what they considered blues music. So it was 'Bama' music or 'too southern.'"
Bell said he even had trouble getting Otis Redding's music played on the top black radio station in Atlanta.
"I was able to take advantage of those experiences and all of those pains and be able to apply it differently with Prince," he added.
His strategy with "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" paid off. The tertiary markets were appreciative and excited about the song. Unable to ignore the word-of-mouth buzz, the primary and secondary radio stations began calling Bellmark.
According to Bell, they'd ask, "Do you guys have a record called 'The Most Beautiful Girl in the World' by Prince? Why haven't you sent us a copy of it?"
As Bell worked the single, Prince shot a video, which he was eager to release. But Bell insisted they wait until the song advanced on the Billboard charts.
"He wouldn't argue, but he would call back and say, 'Is it time now?'" Bell said, laughing.
Eventually, the video was released, and the song peaked at No. 3 in the U.S. And it became Prince's first and only No. 1 hit in the U.K. It was certified gold, selling 700,000 copies.
"It was hard work, but it was enjoyable," Bell said. "And I must tell you, I learned more about marketing recorded music and working with radio and retail during that period of time than I have throughout my entire career."
Bell said Prince's name change--the media was calling him "The Artist Formerly Known as Prince" at the time--and his appearances with "slave" on his face only added to the popularity of the song. And he personally called Prince by his birth name or "my brother."
Marketing aside, Bell understood and supported Prince's concerns.
"He had all the right in the world to feel the way that he felt and to take the positions that he was taking," Bell said. "The artists and producers were, at best, treated as indentured servants and, at worse, slaves [at major labels]."
The success of "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" also boosted Bellmark and Bell's confidence.
"It gave me another burst of, not only energy, but conviction that I did know something about what I was doing," Bell said. "It let me know for certain, 'You're not crazy. It's just that this racism that you're fighting out here is real.'"
As for Prince, Bell knew the artist was ready to focus on building up NPG Records.
"He wanted to see different kinds of music and artists than these companies were allowing to be released in the marketplace," Bell said. "He didn't think small."
Although they never worked together again, other people would share what Prince was saying about Bell. These are conversations Bell recounts with pride. For example, Prince acknowledged the trials Bell experienced at Stax, which had, coincidentally, lost its ownership of its catalog to Atlantic Records--and its parent company, Warner Music Group--in the 1960s. Though Bell built Stax back up as an independent label in the '70s, it eventually went bankrupt.
"Prince said, 'That man was brutally assassinated by our industry,'" Bell heard someone say. "And it's amazing for him to be still alive [in this business]."
On another occasion, journalist Tavis Smiley called Bell to share Prince's words about "Wattstax," the famous 1972 concert and subsequent film released in commemoration of the seventh anniversary of the Watts Riots in Los Angeles.
"It was a phenomenon that America hasn't really given you credit for--putting together and pulling off 'Wattstax," Smiley told him. "Prince said that's one of the greatest things he's ever seen. ... I just thought you'd appreciate hearing [that]."
These days, Bell, 79, is the CEO and chairman of Al Bell Presents, LLC. He has returned to his home in Arkansas, where he is a visiting professor at the University of Arkansas. He is also working to build a music ecosystem in the northwestern part of the state, which has financial resources--major companies like Walmart and Tyson Foods have headquarters there--and ambitious performers.
"There's so much more to be done in this business," he said. "The authentic music that's indigenous to America is the music that comes from the African Americans. ... I'm about preserving and perpetuating that music."
In recent years, the legacy of "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" has been muddied by allegations that Prince plagiarized the song from Italian artists Bruno Bergonzi and Michele Vicino. Currently, the Prince estate is being sued by, ironically, Warner Chappell Italy.
Bell said he is unaware of the details of the allegations, but offered a couple perspectives.
"[Musicians are] trying to figure out another way to make another nickel or a dime or a penny to stay in business, or just to make some money for their livelihood," he said. "[And] Prince, like any other successful artist out here, or any other progressive human being, was influenced by somebody. Somebody influenced you, whether you were consciously aware of it [or not]. ... So I don't know."
For Bell, there is no question about the legacy of Prince, whom he calls brilliant, and a "good guy."
"I don't know if you could place Prince in a genre of music," he said. "Maybe you can say inspirational because it was a lot of inspiring music, and some of it you'd have to think about twice to really get it, or you'd get it subconsciously."
“I really don’t like categories, but the only thing I can think of [to describe my music] is inspirational." - Prince to Larry King, 1999
If you study the liner notes of Prince's '90s music, you'll unearth a trove of gems, including esoteric messages, humorous commentary and beautiful artwork. You'll also learn about songs Prince sampled in his music.
That discovery has proven enjoyable for me in recent years. I think it's for several reasons: 1) Even a singular artist like Prince couldn't ignore a trend. 2) It provides insight into songs that were important to him, apart from the samples that everyone was using at the time. 3) It shows his creativity as a beat-maker. 4) The fact that he was being sampled, while participating in sampling--a foundation of hip-hop music--only strengthens his importance in the history of black music.
With that said, can you name the Prince songs featuring the samples below? The answers are at the end of the article. Hint: One is a song Prince co-wrote for The Time. Also, you may have to listen to one song all the way through to catch the connection.
No cheating!
1) "Tramp" by Lowell Fulson, 1967
2) "Lyin' Ass Bitch" by Fishbone, 1985
3) "I Can't Stand It" by The Chambers Brothers, 1967
4) "Good Old Music" by Funkadelic, 1970
5) "Squib Cakes" by Tower of Power, 1974
6) "Feel Good, Party Time" by J.R. Funk & the Love Machine, 1980
Answers Below
1) "7" 2) "Billy Jack Bitch" 3) "Thieves in the Temple" 4) "Sex in the Summer" 5) "Release It" (The Time) or "Sleep Around" 6) "Gett Off"
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Sometimes, you can trace Prince's lyrics directly to the Bible ("God," "Anna Stesia," "7," "And God Created Woman," "Love," etc.). Other times, Prince's lyrics appear to be indirectly inspired by scripture.
His 1996 album, Emancipation, falls into the latter category. It also draws on other spiritual systems and universal creeds.
"The Holy River"
Stretching over 1,500 miles through India and Bangladesh, the Ganges river is sacred to people with ties to the Hinduism spiritual system. They pray and bathe in the water, believing their karma will be washed away.
We don't know for certain if Prince was inspired by the river or if he made a pilgrimage there, but it is possible; "The Holy River's" lyrics and video can be interpreted from a Hindu perspective. For example, when Prince sings of asking his soul "over and over" about visiting a "cold" world, and "coming back" after death, he may be alluding to reincarnation. Hindus believe that we repeat cycles of life and death until we achieve liberation ("moksha").
Furthermore, the video includes a prominent painting of one eye within a flower, likely referencing the mystical third eye, which symbolizes extraordinary perception. That perception leads to higher consciousness and includes intuitive gifts like psychic ability. The concept is rooted in Indian spirituality.
Additionally, the flower in the video is likely a lotus, which is a Hindu symbol of purity and transcendence.
Those references do not exist in a vacuum; Prince sang about reincarnation, karma, the third eye and lotus flowers throughout his career. His ex-wife, Mayte Garcia, was also forthcoming about his interest in Eastern spirituality in her book, The Most Beautiful. (Note: I do a deep dive on Prince and Hinduism in my book.)
It's important to note that these concepts did not replace Christianity in Prince's world; his beliefs simply expanded. After all, he still mentions Jesus on "The Holy River."
There are so many layers of interpretation to wade through on the song, but Prince summed up its meaning quite simply in a 1997 interview:
'"The Holy River' is about redemption."
"One of Us"
Tackling faith and perception of God, this cover of Joan Osborne's 1995 top ten hit is a fitting choice for Prince. Instead of asking, "What if God was one of us/Just a slob like one of us," he inserts "slave," which is how he famously described his position at Warner Bros.
At a "media day" at Paisley Park in 1996, he told journalists, "I think it’s important for every musician to cover that song. And every person of color should cover it, too.”
While he didn't elaborate, it seems he may have been using the song to encourage other artists to recognize their own power; at the time, he was calling for all musicians to take ownership of their music. He was especially passionate about highlighting the historical mistreatment of black artists, and advocating for their independence. We were reminded in a recent New Yorker article that that fight continued up to his death.
"Every artist should own his masters, he told me, especially black artists," said Dan Piepenbring, co-writer of Prince's upcoming memoir, The Beautiful Ones. "He saw this as a way to fight racism. Black communities would restore wealth by safeguarding their musicians’ master recordings and all their intellectual property, and they would protect that wealth, hiring their own police, founding their own schools, and making covenants on their own terms." So "One of Us" could be another example of Prince utilizing religious songs as coded messages to black people, similar to negro spirituals. Read more about that perspective here.
"The Love We Make" Reportedly written for musician Jonathan Melvoin (described in the liner notes as "a lost friend"), the song appears to reference Jesus with lyrics about God setting a table for his son, and the return of the savior.
But to Kat Dyson, who played the guitar solo on the track, the message is more spiritual than religious.
"We have to make our energy," she told me "We have to lay in the bed that we make with our minds and our mouths and our bodies and our actions."
And of spiritual discussions with Prince, she said, "It was very much metaphysical, very much karma."
But Prince's emphasis on love, obviously included in "The Love We Make," is a recurring theme in all of his music. In my opinion, spreading that message was an integral part of his spiritual mission.
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Florida-based writer Gin Love Thompson has a great reverence for the beauty, sanctity and symbolism associated with flowers. They adorn our homes, represent transcendence (think of the lotus flower) or signify celebration or mourning, she pointed out.
They are also a reminder of the fleeting nature of life.
"They require tender tending to," Thompson said. "Each flower must be enjoyed in the moment; for in an instant, petals may begin to fall away."
It's not a surprise that flower imagery sprouts up throughout Thompson's first collection of poems, Sunrises at Midnight, released in June. Though the image on the cover is meant to denote sun rays, it could just as easily be read as petals.
Chronicling the bright and dark moments of her life in seven parts, the book also features a segment on Prince, with whom she shared a connection. And she employed similar metaphors in those poems, which include titles like "Coup My Flowers," "Violets For You" and "Flowers in My Garden," though it wasn't done purposely.
"Prince's love and use of flowers in his own writing and art was subconsciously an inspiration," she speculated.
*Click to enlarge
Thompson met Prince face-to-face in 2004. Upon reading her poetry, he asked her a simple question that left an indelible mark: "What are you going to do with this?"
"I don't want to say he planted a seed," she said. "It's more like he planted a tree. ... I had so much growth to go through myself before I could absorb it and really be ready. That tree sheltered me and it strengthened me."
Thompson began writing poetry as a child, but the further she advanced in her career as a psychotherapist and a nationally known relationship expert, she found herself losing touch with her creativity.
"I just had this sinking, empty feeling like, 'This isn't what my life was supposed to be,'" she said.
Thompson's last interaction with Prince was January 2016. After his unexpected death a few months later, she was moved to finally share her work. Sunrises at Midnight is dedicated to the artist "for being a reflection of what I was not yet able to see in myself," she wrote.
"He had a way of seeing straight through you," she recalled. "He saw your talents and had no issue with pointing those out and encouraging [you]."
*Click to enlarge
Thompson has presented on the therapeutic nature of expressive arts, and she found her own healing through poetry after Prince's departure. But the book covers much more than Prince; it includes pieces about other loved ones she lost, difficult relationships, sensuality and spirituality.
"It's all about making connections with other people to let them know they're not alone," she said. "These experiences that we have, while they're unique to each of us, they're also universal in many ways. And we're in this together."
Prince's spiritual vocabulary was so vast. The Bible is important, but I have to look at other texts to grasp everything he studied. Here is just a snapshot of my current reading list:
